Towards an Inclusive Future: Public Administration, Legal Reforms, and Education in Kazakhstan

Abstract

This research examines the connections between inclusive education and legal transformations and public administration systems in Kazakhstan. The fundamental principle of inclusive education requires all students including those with disabilities to receive high-quality education with equal access based on equity and human rights principles. The research aims to study how administrative and legislative frameworks impact the practical implementation of inclusive education policy in Kazakhstan. The research employed a mixed-methods design which combined quantitative data about school accessibility and disability inclusion with qualitative analysis of national and international legislative documents. The interviews with education experts provided additional understanding about the challenges that occur during local implementation and systemic barriers. The research discovered significant discrepancies between policy development and actual implementation practices. The government of Kazakhstan demonstrates its commitment to international agreements and laws which promote inclusivity. However, there are still several problems that are making it hard for this plan to move forward. These include centralized governance, not enough funding, and strong cultural stigmas, especially in rural areas. A comparison of the education systems in Finland, Germany, and Russia shows that decentralization, community involvement, and strong teacher training are important. The study's findings indicate that Kazakhstan must make several key changes to achieve an inclusive educational system. These reforms include making legal language clearer and more inclusive, giving local communities more control over education, improving teacher training to support effective teaching methods, and removing financial and cultural barriers that currently prevent access to and success in education. These changes are important to make sure that all students have the same rights and are treated fairly.